राजस्थान की जलवायु

The climate of Rajasthan is dry to sub-humid monsoon climate, west of the Aravallis is characterized by low rainfall, high daily and annual temperature difference, low humidity and strong winds. The second and the east of the Aravallis have arid and sub-humid climate.

Factors affecting climate - Latitude, distance from sea level, height above sea level, position and direction of Aravalli mountain ranges etc.

Salient features of the climate of Rajasthan -

Predominance of dry and humid climate

insufficient and erratic rainfall

random distribution of rain

Most of the rainfall from June to September

Due to the variability and scarcity of rainfall, drought and famine conditions are more.

Rajasthan is situated to the north of the Tropic of Cancer. Hence the state is located in the sub-tropical zone. Only Dungarpur and some part of Banswara district lie in the tropics.

The Aravalli mountain ranges have divided Rajasthan into two parts from the point of view of climate. The Aravalli mountain ranges do not become a hindrance in the way due to the direction of the monsoon winds, so the monsoon winds come out straight and do not make it rain. Thus, the western region receives scanty rainfall due to being a shadow region of the Aravallis.

When the sun shines straight on the Tropic of Cancer, its rays fall straight on Banswara and oblique on Ganganagar district. The average annual temperature of Rajasthan is 37 degree to 38 degree centigrade.

Rajasthan is divided into five parts from the point of view of climate.

Dry climate region(0-20 cm.)

Semi-arid climate zone (20-40 cm.)

Subhumid climate zone(40-60 cm.)

Humid climate zone(60-80 cm.)

Extremely humid climate region (80-100 cm.)

1. Arid region

Area - Jaisalmer, North Barmer, South Ganganagar and western part of Bikaner and Jodhpur. Average rainfall - 0-20 cm.

2. Semi-arid climate zone

Area - Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, D. The eastern part of Barmer, Jodhpur and Bikaner and the western part of Pali, Jalore, Sikar, Nagaur and Jhujhunu.

Average rainfall - 20-40 cm.

3. Sub-climatic regions

Area - Eastern part of Alwar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Pali, Jalore, Nagaur and Jhujhunu and north-western part of Tonk, Bhilwara and Sirohi.

Average rainfall - 40-60 cm.

4. Wet Climate Region

Area - Bharatpur, Dholpur, Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, N.E. Udaipur, S.E. Tonk and Chittorgarh.

Average rainfall - 60-80 cm.

5. Extremely humid climate zone

Region - S.E. Kota, Baran, Jhalawar, Banswara, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur, S.E. Udaipur and Mount Abu areas.

Average rainfall - 60-80 cm.

fact

The hottest months of Rajasthan are May-June and the coldest months are December-January.

The hottest and coldest district of Rajasthan - Churu

The highest daily temperature difference of Rajasthan resides in the western region.

The district with the highest daily temperature difference of Rajasthan - Jaisalmer

The average rainfall in Rajasthan is 57 cm. Whose distribution is 10 to 100 cm. takes place between Uneven distribution of rainfall, insufficient and erratic amounts cause drought and famine in Rajasthan every year.

The amount of rainfall in Rajasthan decreases from southeast to northwest. The Arabian Sea Monsoon winds cause substantial rainfall in the south and southeast districts of the state.

In the month of July, 34 percent of the total amount of rain that falls in the state, 33 percent is in the month of August.

Highest rainfall at district level - Jhalawar (100 cm)

Minimum rainfall at district level - Jaisalmer (10 cm)

The average number of days that it rains in Rajasthan is 29.

Highest number of rainy days - Jhalawar (40 days), Banswara (38 days)

Minimum number of rainy days - Jaisalmer (5 days)

The place with the highest rainfall of Rajasthan - Mount Abu (120-140 cm.) is here where the highest number of days (48 days) are found.

The number of rainy days increases from northwest to southeast.

Lowest humidity in Rajasthan - in the month of April

Highest humidity in Rajasthan - in the month of August

The highest temperature in Rajasthan is observed in the month of October.

Lowest rainfall - Sam (Jaisalmer) 5 cm.

50 cm to Rajasthan. The line divides into two parts. 50 cm. Rainfall is less in the north-west of the line. Whereas in the southeast there is more rainfall.

It is 50 cm. The standard line is considered to be the Aravalli range.

The district with the highest humidity in Rajasthan is Jhalawar and the lowest district is Jaisalmer. The place with the highest humidity in Rajasthan is Mount Abu and the lowest humidity is Phalodi (Jodhpur).

In Rajasthan, the month with maximum hail is March-April and maximum hailstorm occurs in the north-eastern region and the district with maximum hail is Jaipur.

In Rajasthan, the winds blow towards west and southwest.

Highest wind speed - June

Slow wind speed - November

In summer, the air pressure of the western region is less than that of the eastern region.

In summer, warm winds blow from the west, which are called heat waves. Due to this heat, an area of ​​low air pressure is formed here. To meet this low air pressure, fast wind comes from another area (from areas of high air pressure) which brings with it dust and soil, this is called a storm.

Maximum number of storms - Sri Ganganagar (27 days)

Minimum number of thunderstorms - Jhalawar (3 days)

In the northern parts of Rajasthan, the dusty half comes in the month of June and in the southern parts in the month of May.

In Rajasthan, the storm (thunderstorm + rain) is more in the east than in the west.that come.

humidity

The amount of water vapor present in the air is called humidity. Relative humidity is lowest in March-April and highest in July-August.

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Dry and very hot winds blowing in the desert part are called heat waves.

The temperature decreases with increase in altitude above sea level. This normal rate of decrease is 165 m. At a height of 1 degree C.g. Is.

The decrease in temperature is visible from the north-western part of Rajasthan to the south-east.

According to the climate classification of Dr.Bladimir Köppen, Triwartha, Thornevet, Rajasthan is divided into 4 climatic regions.

Aw Tropical Humid Climate Region

BShw semi-arid tropical dry climate region

BWhw tropical dry climate region

CwgSub Wet Climate Region

Rajasthan is divided into the following ten climatic regions from the point of view of agriculture.

dry western plains

irrigated north western plains

dry partly irrigated western plain

end flow

Luni Basin

Eastern Plains (Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli districts)

humid dry climate region

sub humid climate zone

humid climate zone

very humid climate zone

On studying the climate in Rajasthan, three types of seasons are found:-

Summer: (March to mid-June)

Rainy Season: (mid-June to September)

Winter season: (November to February)

summer season

The summer season in Rajasthan is from March to mid-June. It experiences maximum heat in the months of May and June. Moisture evaporates in the air with high heat. As a result, the air becomes lighter and goes up. Therefore, an area of ​​low air pressure is formed in Rajasthan, as a result, air from high pressure comes at a faster rate than low air pressure, due to which the flow of storms remains in summer.

Rainy Season

Rainy season occurs in Rajasthan from mid-June to September.

Rajasthan receives rainfall from 3 types of monsoons.

1. Monsoon of Bay of Bengal

This monsoon enters Rajasthan from the eastern direction. Due to entering from the eastern direction, the monsoon winds are known as Poorvaiyan, this monsoon causes maximum rainfall in Rajasthan.

2. Arabian Sea Monsoon

This monsoon enters from the south-west direction of Rajasthan, this monsoon does not bring much rain in Rajasthan because it leaves parallel to the Aravalli ranges. The expansion of the Aravalli ranges in Rajasthan is from South-West to North-East.

The Arabian Sea Monsoon enters Rajasthan for the first time.

3. Mediterranean Monsoon

This monsoon enters Rajasthan from the western direction. Due to its entry from the western direction, this monsoon is known as the monsoon of western disturbances. This monsoon brings rain in the north-west region of Rajasthan. This monsoon mainly rains in winters, the rain in winter is called Maavath in the local language, this rain is most beneficial for the wheat crop. These raindrops are known as golden drops or drops of gold.

winter season

In Rajasthan, winter is from number to February. Out of these four months, January is the coldest month. Due to the cyclones that arise in the Mediterranean in the winter, there is rainfall in the north western part of Rajasthan. Which is called "Mawat/Mawath". This rainfall occurs in the month of Magha. Winter Varsha Maavat is also known as - Golden Drop (Amrit Boode). It is beneficial for Ravi crop.

The winds in the state are generally west and northwest.

Rain

The maximum rainfall in Rajasthan comes from the south-west monsoon winds and the second place is the monsoon of the Bay of Bengal, the third place is the monsoon of the Arabian Sea, the last place is the monsoon of the Mediterranean Sea.

names of storms

Coming from the north - Uttara, Uttarad, Dharod, Dharau

Coming from the South - Lacau

Coming from the East - Poorvaiyan, Poorvai, Poorva, Aaguni

Coming from the west - Pichhwai, Pachhau, Pichhwa, Athuni.

Other

From the middle of the North-East - Sanjeri

from the middle of the east-south - rag

From the middle of the South-West - Samandari / Samudri

From the middle of the North-West - Surya

daily speed/rotation speed

Earth is tilted 23 1/2 degrees on its axis. It completes one cycle on its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds at a speed of 1610 km/h from west to east. This motion is called rotational motion or diurnal motion, due to which there are days and nights.

annual speed/rotation speed

It takes 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds for the Earth to revolve around the Sun, this is called the annual motion of the Earth or the speed of revolution. The time taken in this is called a solar year. The change of seasons on Earth is due to its tilt on its axis and due to the change in its position relative to the Sun, that is, due to the annual motion. Due to the annual motion, the day and night on the earth become shorter and longer.

During the period of revolution of the earth, on 21st March and 23rd September, the sun's rays fall directly on the equator, as a result, the duration of night and day on the whole earth is equal.

Rotation Speed ​​& Rotation Speed

equinox

When the rays of the sun fall directly on the equator, then this position is called equinox. There are two equinoxes in the year.

The vernal equinox is on March 21 and the autumnal equinox on September 23.

ion

23 1/20 north latitude to 23 1/20The area in the middle of the southern latitude, where the rays of the sun shine directly at some point in the year, is called an ion. It consists of two.

Northern Ion (Uttarayan) - Between 0 latitude to 23 1/20 north latitude.

Dakshina Ayan (Dakshinayana) - Between 0 latitude to 23 1/20 south latitude.

ionant

where the ion ends. it is two

End of Northern Ion (Uttaryananta) - 23 1/20 North Latitude / Tropic of Cancer The end of Northern Ion takes place on June 21.

The end of the southern ion - 23 1/20 south latitude / tropic of Capricorn is the south end on 22 December.

During the period of revolution of the Earth, the rays of the Sun remain vertical on the Tropic of Cancer on June 21, as a result, in the Northern Hemisphere, the days are long and the nights are short and summer, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the oblique rays of the Sun, the days are shorter, the nights are longer and autumn. Is.

fact

Longest day of the Northern Hemisphere - June 21

Longest Night of the Southern Hemisphere - June 21

Shortest night in the Northern Hemisphere - June 21

Shortest day of the Southern Hemisphere - June 21

During the period of revolution of the earth, on December 22, the rays of the Sun remain vertical on the Tropic of Capricorn, as a result, in the southern hemisphere, the days are long, the nights are short and summer, while in the northern hemisphere, due to the oblique rays of the sun, the days are short, the nights are long and autumn. it occurs.

fact

Longest day of the Southern Hemisphere - December 22

Longest Night of the Northern Hemisphere - December 22

Shortest night of the Southern Hemisphere - December 22

Shortest day of the Northern Hemisphere - December 22

zone

The area between any two latitudes is called a zone.

gore

The area between any two longitudes is called Gor.

India is situated in two zones.

tropics and temperate zones

Rajasthan is actually located in the sub-tropical zone near the tropics.

monsoon

The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word Mausin. Which literally means the directions of the winds in a particular season.

Summer/South West Monsoon

In the summer when the sun's rays fall directly in the northern hemisphere. So a low pressure area is formed here. Whereas in the southern hemisphere, the sun's rays are slanting due to the winter season and the air pressure remains high. Therefore the winds blow from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere.

Due to the condition of India being peninsular, these monsoon winds coming from the southwest get divided into two branches.

1. Arabian Sea Branch 2. Bay of Bengal Branch

The Arabian Sea branch of monsoon is first active in India. On an average, the Arabian Sea branch of the summer monsoon becomes active over the Malabar Coast Kerala on 1 June.

Note

In India, the summer monsoon first activates over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Great Nicobar, Indira Point).

For the first time in Rajasthan, the Arabian Sea branch of the summer monsoon is active.

Most of the rainfall in India and Rajasthan comes from the Bay of Bengal branch of the summer monsoon.

Coromandel Coast Tamil Nadu receives rainfall from the winter monsoon. The country that receives the most rainfall from the winter monsoon - China.

fact

World's hottest place - Al-Aziziya (Libya) Sahara Desert

Hottest state of India - Rajasthan

Hottest place in India - Phalodi (Jodhpur)

The hottest district of Rajasthan - Churu

Hottest place of Rajasthan - Phalodi (Jodhpur)

The coldest place in the world - Bakhoyans (Russia)

India's coldest state - Jammu and Kashmir

India's coldest place - iron (-46)

The coldest district of Rajasthan - Churu

The coldest place in Rajasthan - Mount Abu (Sirohi)

Wettest place in the world - Mausinram (Meghalaya) India

India's wettest state - Kerala

Wettest place in India - Mausinram (Meghalaya)

The wettest district of Rajasthan - Jhalawar

Wettest place in Rajasthan - Mount Abu

Rainiest place in the world - Mosinram (Meghalaya)

Rainiest place in India - Mosinram (Meghalaya)

India's rainiest state - Kerala

Rainiest place in Rajasthan - Mount Abu

Rainiest district of Rajasthan - Jhalawar

World's driest place - Wakhoyan

India's driest state - Rajasthan

The driest place in India - Leh (Jammu and Kashmir)

The driest district of Rajasthan - Jaisalmer

The driest place of Rajasthan - Sam (Jaisalmer) and Phalud (Jodhpur)

The place with the lowest rainfall in the world - Bakhouyans

Lowest rainfall state in India - Punjab

Leh rainiest place in India

The district with the least rainfall in Rajasthan - Jaisalmer

The place with the lowest rainfall in Rajasthan - Sam (Jaisalmer)

The state with the highest temperature difference in India - Rajasthan

Rajasthan's highest temperature difference district (annual) - Churu

District with highest temperature difference of Rajasthan (Daily) - Jaisalmer

Vegetation-free area of ​​Rajasthan - Sam (Jaisalmer)

The cold wave that blows in Rajasthan due to Siberia cold air and Himalayan snow is called - winter

Hot winds blowing in the desert of Thar in summer - Loo

Most of the dusty winds run in Rajasthan - in Ganganar

Frost in Rajasthan - Due to extreme cold in the southern and southern eastern parts, there is frost.

Torrential rain accompanied by strong winds in South Rajasthan - Cyclonic Rain

Monsoon Gateway in Rajasthan - Jhalawar and Banswara

Districts with highest rainfall disparity in Rajasthan - Barmer and Jaisalmer

The district with the least asymmetry of rainfall in Rajasthan - Banswara

In which district of Rajasthan on 21st Junethe rays of the sun fall straight

Which district of Rajasthan gets the rays of the sun on 22nd December - Sri Ganganagar

The climate of Rajasthan is sub-tropical

Mawth

In winter, due to Western Disturbance/Mediterranean Disturbance, the rainfall that occurs in the northern plains of India is called Maavath.

Major cause of Mawth - Jetstream

Jetstream - Winds blowing in the troposphere from west to east across the earth.

Maavath is very useful for Rabi crops. That's why it is called golden drops or golden drops.

important facts

Norwester - The winds blowing in the summer season on the Chota Nagpur plateau are called norwester. It affects the states of Bihar and Jharkhand.

When the norwester winds move eastwards and reach the state of West Bengal, they are called Kaal Vaishali. And when these winds reach further east and reach the state of Assam, then 50 cm. It rains. This rain is very useful for the cultivation of tea, hence it is called tea rain or tea shower.

Mango Shower - In the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh, the pre-monsoon rain, due to which the mango crops ripen here, is called Mango Shower.

Cherry Blossom - The pre-monsoon rain that occurs in the state of Karnataka, which is very useful for the Kahwa crop here, is called cherry blossom or flower shower.

Disruption of Monsoon - The time between when the monsoon rains at one place and the next rainfall at the same place is uncertain, it is called the break of the monsoon.

Monsoon Burst - During the summer monsoon in South India, the first torrential rain of the monsoon accompanied by strong roar of clouds accompanied by strong winds and flashes of lightning on the Malabar Coast of Kerala is called Monsoon Burst.

Rainy region and rain shadow region Rainy region and rain shadow region

El-Nino - This is a sea current that is active in the Pacific Ocean west of the South American continent during the summer monsoon, due to which the Indian monsoon weakens. And in India and neighboring countries, there is a situation of scanty rain and drought.

La-Nino - This is a cold water current that originates in the northeast of Australia, this continent, opposite to the El-Nino, which increases the strength of the Indian monsoon and creates conditions of extreme rainfall in India and neighboring countries.

Upsaur and Apsour

Upsolar - The event of the shortest distance (1470 lakh km.) between the Sun and the Earth occurs on January 3, it is called Upsaur.

Apsour - The event of maximum distance (1510 lakh km.) between the Sun and the Earth, which occurs on July 4, is called Apsaur.